Earlier  this month, Sanford  C. Bernstein, one of Wall  Street's "top" research firms, concluded that there is no correlation between  big research-and-development spending and stock performance.
  The  researchers at Bernstein, who studied R&D funding at technology companies,  called their results "surprising."
  They're  not. Instead of spending valuable time and dollars, the Bernstein researchers  could have figured all this out with a single phone call - to me.
  As  someone who's been in the technology trenches for the past 30 years, I know  well that spending a ton of cash on research does not guarantee profits or  stock-price appreciation.
  What  technology companies need are cost-effective research budgets.
  To be  fair, Bernstein's study sounds exhaustive. The researchers went all the way  back to 1977 and measured results over time frames ranging from one year to a  decade.
  
Of the R&D winners Bernstein listed, three are companies that I've  recommended as portfolio-boosters in the past in Strategic Tech Investor. These are firms that use their  research dollars wisely and get market-beating gains in return.
  Today,  I'm going to tell you about how all three should continue to be strong  performers thanks to their effective R&D budgets. Plus, I'm going to tell  you how all three are great ways to cash in on tech's continuing stock-market  dominance...
  Small Spenders  
Don't  get me - or the Bernstein report - wrong. R&D spending is still a vital  part of the United States' status as the world leader in innovation.
  A  recent report from Battelle, the world's  largest nonprofit R&D organization, further bears this out.
  Battelle  notes that the United States remains the "dominant force in global research  across numerous industries." The report estimates total American R&D  spending at $435 billion last year, up 1% from the previous year.
  However,  as tech investors, we're not looking for the firms with the biggest R&D  budgets. We're looking for firms that most effectively use their R&D  spending to produce.
  Let me  explain. Over my more than three decades as a tech investor, I've run into my  fair share of companies I refer to as "R&D houses." By that I mean  companies where sales and earnings seem to take a backseat to science and  engineering.
  The  most famous example of this may be Eastman Kodak Co. (NYSE: KODK). While the rest of the industry  jumped into digital photography in the early 2000s, these guys were tinkering  away in their labs.
  Ironically,  Kodak invented the digital camera way back in 1975. Instead of using the  technology to ramp up earnings, they let it slip through their grasp - and  ended up in bankruptcy court in early 2012.
  Thankfully,  Bernstein's R&D winners, the companies I'm sharing with you today, are  innovators, not tinkerers. And if you've been following STI for long, you know them well.
  Let's take a look at them again now... 
      Tech R&D Winner No. 1: Apple (Nasdaq:  AAPL)    
Of  course, we've talked about Apple Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) many times, most recently in June. The Cupertino, Calif.-based tech  giant does a better job than anyone at coming up with game changers on a  shoestring research budget.
  This is  the company that revolutionized mobile tech with the 2007 release of the iPhone.
  According  to the trade journal Apple Insider, Apple's entire R&D budget in the five years  before the iPhone debuted was just $2.68 billion. That's a paltry $530 million  a year.
  And Apple is the largest tech company in the world.
  Apple  is ramping up its R&D budget these days for a couple of simple reasons.  First, the tech landscape today is more competitive than it was in 2007, and so  Apple needs to step up the pace of innovation to keep rivals at bay.
  Second,  the company has enormous amounts of cash on hand - near $160 billion. So it can  afford to invest more in the next generation of tech products while ensuring  that the spending is sustainable.
  Apple  spent $1.42 billion on product development in its fiscal 2014 second quarter  ended March 30. That represents just 3.1% of net sales in the period, one of  the lowest rates among big-cap tech leaders.
  According  to Bernstein, most tech companies spend 11% to 17% of revenue on R&D.
  Even in  the five years since Apple began seriously increasing its R&D budgets, AAPL stock has handed investors gains of more than  390%.
  Tech R&D Winner No. 2: SanDisk (Nasdaq:  SNDK)  
We  first talked about SanDisk Corp. (Nasdaq: SNDK) last August. My note to you suggested you buy  this winner "before Wall Street gets wise."
  I hope  you acted on that advice. Because Bernstein's new study shows that the Street  definitely sees this Silicon  Valley firm as a winner.
  Since  our initial conversation about SanDisk, the stock has returned roughly 80% to  investors. That's five times what the Standard  & Poor's 500 returned in the period.
  SanDisk  ranks as a leader in flash memory for mobile devices. Tablets and smartphones  cannot operate with a spinning hard drive like you find in most PCs and  laptops.
  The  answer is solid-state memory that SanDisk pioneered. The devices can store  massive amounts of content on a memory card the size of a postage stamp.
  In this  year's first quarter, SanDisk greatly outspent Apple on an R&D ratio basis.  SanDisk devoted nearly 13% of sales in the period to laying the groundwork for  new products.
  But  it's still a big winner because SanDisk spends its money wisely. It managed to  match Apple's operating margins of 28% even as its research budget measured  much higher on a percentage basis.
  Tech R&D Winner No. 3: Akamai  Technologies (Nasdaq: AKAM)  
In late  June of last year, I told you that I expected technology to have  a great performance for the second half of 2013.
  Back  then, the market was in turmoil and many feared a possible correction. I said  the opposite would occur and told you to keep an eye on Akamai Technologies Inc. (Nasdaq: AKAM).
  I cited  the Cambridge, Mass.-based Internet services company as a potential big winner  in cloud computing, where vendors provide data and applications to their  clients via remote data centers.
  Had you  invested in Akamai at the time, you would have made nearly 43% on your  investment, a little more than double the S&P 500's return in the period.
  The  Bernstein study cites Akamai as one of the big outperformers because of its  terrific financial performance and low R&D spending - among the lowest  third in the study.
  In this  year's first quarter, Akamai invested just 6% of sales in research. That puts  it between Apple and SanDisk.
  And in  terms of size, its $10 billion market cap is just 2% that of Apple's. But the  much smaller Akamai spends its money almost as efficiently, with operating  margins of 26.5%.
  These  efficiencies show that all three of our R&D winners have plenty of upside  left. Each keeps coming up with profitable new products without just dumping  money in their labs.
  Any one  of these three stocks - AAPL, SNDK, and AKAM - would provide a significant  boost to your portfolio.
  Our  tech R&D winners' sustainable rate of research spending means better  products for their customers - and a killing for their investors.
  Don't Miss Today's Top Investing Story: We'll be booking Texas-sized profits  from this huge pure play. And according to Money Morning's Global Energy  Strategist Dr. Kent Moors, it's the best "quick-hit"  investment opportunity he has ever seen...
  Related  Articles:
      Battelle-R&D Magazine: Global Funding  Forecast Predicts Cautious Growth for Research and Development Activity in 2014